The Construction of Peterhead Prison: How a Remote Outpost Became Infamous

The Construction of Peterhead Prison: How a Remote Outpost Became Infamous

The Birth of Peterhead Prison

In the late 19th century, Scotland needed a high-security prison to house its most dangerous criminals. The solution came in 1888 with the construction of Peterhead Prison on the rugged northeastern coast of Aberdeenshire. Its remote location wasn’t just by chance—it was chosen strategically to serve both as a place of punishment and as a labour force for building the nearby harbour and breakwaters, which were vital to Scotland’s maritime industry.

Engineering a Fortress: The Harsh Realities of Construction

Building Peterhead Prison was anything but easy. The extreme weather and isolation made construction a gruelling process. Unlike most prisons, Peterhead was built right next to a granite quarry, where inmates were forced to mine the stone that would eventually form their prison walls. This backbreaking labour became a defining feature of life at Peterhead, reinforcing its reputation as Scotland’s most unforgiving prison.

Designed as a high-security facility, the prison featured thick granite walls, narrow corridors, and heavy iron gates. Security and surveillance were top priorities, making escape nearly impossible. Over the years, additional wings were added, increasing capacity and cementing Peterhead’s role as a cornerstone of Scotland’s penal system.

The Prison’s Role in Scottish History

Peterhead Prison wasn’t just a place to lock up criminals—it played a significant role in shaping Scotland’s approach to incarceration. It housed some of the country’s most notorious offenders, including violent criminals and gang leaders. The combination of harsh conditions and forced labour earned it a fearsome reputation among inmates and the public alike.

One of the prison’s most infamous moments came in 1987 when a riot broke out, and inmates took guards hostage. The situation escalated to the point that the SAS (Special Air Service) had to intervene to regain control. This dramatic event became a turning point in UK prison history and was one of the factors that eventually led to Peterhead’s closure in 2013.

From Infamy to Heritage: Peterhead Today

After closing its doors, Peterhead Prison was transformed into a museum, giving visitors a firsthand look at its dark past. The Peterhead Prison Museum preserves the stories of former inmates and officers, highlighting the harsh conditions they endured. Visitors can explore original cell blocks, hear real-life accounts, and experience what life was like behind bars in one of Scotland’s most notorious prisons.

Conclusion

The construction of Peterhead Prison was a testament to Scotland’s industrial ambitions and penal policies of the time. From its origins as a forced labour prison to its involvement in major historical events, it remains a powerful symbol of Scotland’s evolving justice system. Today, its legacy continues through the museum, ensuring that its fascinating yet chilling history is never forgotten.